Definite and indefinite articles with people, objects, places, and general statements.

Counting, prices, ages, phone numbers, quantities, and basic measurements.

The verb ser for identity, origin, occupation labels, definitions, and permanent traits.

The verb estar for location, temporary states, conditions, and changing situations.

Basic adjectives, agreement, placement, and descriptions of people, objects, and places.

Immediate needs, classroom language, common objects, and simple requests for help or clarification.

Regular verb conjugations in the present tense for common actions and routines.

High-frequency irregular verbs in the present tense, including ir, ter, fazer, dizer, poder, querer, saber, and ver.

Family members, relationships, ages, marital status, and descriptions of people close to you.

Possession with possessive adjectives, de phrases, names, kinship terms, and ownership.

Common demonstratives, distance contrasts, pointing, identifying, and referring to known information.

Question words, yes-no questions, information questions, and common spoken question patterns.

Basic negation with não, nunca, nada, ninguém, nenhum, and everyday negative replies.

Days, months, dates, clock time, schedules, frequency expressions, and sequencing words.

Reflexive pronouns and common reflexive verbs for hygiene, movement, feelings, and routines.

Daily activities, habits, morning and evening routines, and frequency adverbs.

The verb gostar with de, preferences, likes, dislikes, and intensity expressions.

Food items, drinks, meals, menus, ordering, dietary needs, flavors, and table requests.

Prepositions of place, location phrases, aqui, aí, ali, lá, and describing where things are.

Home rooms, furniture, appliances, household objects, chores, and living arrangements.

The verbs ter and haver for possession, existence, obligation, and common fixed expressions.

Ir plus infinitive, planned actions, immediate future, intentions, and near-future time expressions.

Modal verbs including poder, querer, dever, precisar, conseguir, and saber with infinitives.

Common adverbs of manner, time, frequency, degree, and placement in simple sentences.

Common city places, addresses, neighborhoods, basic services, and describing where to go.

Imperative forms for você, vocês, and informal commands in requests, instructions, advice, and warnings.

Simple requests, offers, permission, invitations, refusals, and polite response patterns.

Clothing, colors, sizes, prices, payment, returns, and describing fit and style.

Comparatives and superlatives for qualities, quantities, preferences, and rankings.

Quantifiers such as muito, pouco, bastante, todo, cada, alguns, vários, qualquer, and tanto.

Body parts, symptoms, pain, conditions, appointments, medication, and basic health needs.

The present progressive with estar plus gerund for ongoing actions and temporary activities.

Gerund forms in ongoing actions, manner expressions, simultaneous actions, and informal spoken structures.

Transportation types, tickets, routes, delays, timetables, rides, and getting around.

Asking for and giving directions, landmarks, route instructions, distance, and navigation phrases.

Regular verb forms in the simple past for completed actions and finished events.

Irregular simple past forms for high-frequency verbs and common completed actions.

Sequencing completed events, narrating short experiences, and marking time in the past.

Weather conditions, seasons, temperature, natural places, animals, plants, and outdoor descriptions.

The imperfect tense for habits, background descriptions, ongoing past situations, and repeated events.

Contrasts between completed actions and background situations using pretérito perfeito and imperfeito.

Childhood, memories, personal history, life stages, and biographical details.

Direct object pronouns, placement in Brazilian usage, and alternatives common in speech.

Indirect object pronouns, verbs that take recipients, and common Brazilian spoken patterns.

Sports, exercise, games, leisure activities, equipment, preferences, and invitations.

Prepositions with nouns, verbs, adjectives, movement, time, cause, purpose, and fixed expressions.

Contractions with articles and pronouns, including do, da, no, na, pelo, à, daquele, and nisso.

Personal appearance, personality traits, behavior, impressions, and nuanced descriptions.

The formal future tense for predictions, schedules, promises, assumptions, and written statements.

Conditional forms for hypothetical situations, polite requests, advice, and softened opinions.

Making, changing, canceling, and confirming appointments, reservations, plans, and arrangements.

Phone and video calls, messages, voicemail phrases, connection problems, and conversational openings and closings.

Emotions, moods, reactions, worries, hopes, disappointment, enthusiasm, and support.

Verbs and expressions with ficar for becoming, remaining, location, resulting states, and reactions.

Core uses of dar, including giving, working out, occurrence, ability, and idiomatic expressions.

Core uses of levar, trazer, pegar, tomar, pôr, tirar, and botar in everyday Brazilian Portuguese.

Indefinite pronouns and expressions for unknown people, things, places, amounts, and alternatives.

Relative clauses with que, quem, onde, cujo, o qual, and preposition-linked relative structures.

Conjunctions for addition, contrast, cause, consequence, purpose, condition, concession, and time.

Opinions, agreement, disagreement, preference, doubt, certainty, and polite disagreement strategies.

The present subjunctive after expressions of desire, doubt, emotion, necessity, possibility, and judgment.

Subjunctive forms after conjunctions such as para que, embora, antes que, até que, caso, and sem que.

Commands, requests, recommendations, permission, prohibition, and influence with subjunctive forms.

Problem descriptions, suggestions, warnings, solutions, troubleshooting, and evaluating options.

The future subjunctive after quando, se, assim que, enquanto, depois que, and relative expressions.

Conditional sentences with present, future, future subjunctive, imperfect subjunctive, and conditional forms.

The imperfect subjunctive in hypothetical, polite, emotional, and dependent clauses.

The pluperfect tense and compound past forms for earlier events and completed past states.

Compound tenses with ter, including repeated past actions, completed actions, and anteriority.

Travel planning, accommodation, check-in, services, problems, itineraries, and travel preferences.

Public services, forms, identification, banking, postal needs, procedures, and official interactions.

The passive voice with ser, estar, ficar, and se for actions, states, results, and impersonal statements.

The particle se in reflexive, reciprocal, passive, impersonal, accidental, and idiomatic structures.

Impersonal expressions with é, dá, tem, faz, houve, and weather or time expressions.

Reported statements, questions, commands, tense shifts, pronoun changes, and reporting verbs.

Describing processes, instructions, causes, effects, conditions, and step-by-step procedures.

Personal infinitive forms after prepositions, expressions, and clauses with distinct subjects.

Infinitive constructions after verbs, adjectives, nouns, prepositions, and impersonal expressions.

Verbal periphrases with começar a, voltar a, acabar de, deixar de, continuar, costumar, and andar.

Participles in compound tenses, passive constructions, adjectives, and irregular participle patterns.

Nominalization through suffixes, infinitives as nouns, abstract nouns, and compact formal expression.

Prefixes, suffixes, diminutives, augmentatives, and word-family patterns for expanding vocabulary.

Diminutives and augmentatives for size, affection, irony, intensity, politeness, and evaluation.

The pronoun a gente, você, tu, nós, and Brazilian patterns for reference, agreement, and register.

Object omission, repeated subjects, pronoun avoidance, and natural Brazilian spoken sentence patterns.

Clitic placement with me, te, se, o, a, lhe, nos, and formal written patterns versus everyday Brazilian usage.

Emphasis through word order, cleft sentences, repetition, fronting, and focus expressions.

Topic-comment structures, left dislocation, resumptive pronouns, and natural information flow.

Sentence connectors for adding, contrasting, clarifying, exemplifying, summarizing, and shifting topics.

Conversation management through turn-taking, fillers, hesitation, clarification, repair, and topic changes.

Register differences in informal, neutral, polite, formal, and institutional Brazilian Portuguese.

Politeness strategies for softening requests, disagreeing tactfully, refusing, apologizing, and negotiating meaning.

Idiomatic expressions with body parts, animals, colors, movement, emotions, and everyday situations.

Common collocations for verbs, nouns, adjectives, adverbs, and fixed expression pairs.

Phrasal and fixed verb expressions with prepositions, nouns, and idiomatic complements.

False cognates, near-cognates, confusing word pairs, and subtle meaning contrasts.

Synonyms, antonyms, intensity scales, connotation, precision, and natural lexical selection.

Cause, consequence, purpose, condition, concession, contrast, and logical relationships in extended speech.

Making claims, supporting reasons, counterarguments, concessions, examples, and conclusions.

Explaining concepts, defining terms, comparing systems, classifying ideas, and reformulating difficult points.

Describing trends, statistics, proportions, probability, estimates, changes, and comparisons over time.

Certainty, probability, possibility, doubt, inference, evidence, assumptions, and degrees of commitment.

Judgment, evaluation, praise, criticism, recommendations, and balanced assessments.

Negotiating plans, conditions, alternatives, compromises, priorities, and shared decisions.

Conflict situations, complaints, apologies, blame, responsibility, repair, and resolution.

Abstract vocabulary for identity, society, values, rights, responsibility, risk, change, and complexity.

Science, environment, health systems, technology, research, evidence, and technical explanations for general audiences.

Digital devices, apps, online accounts, privacy, settings, troubleshooting, and online interactions.

Education levels, courses, learning activities, academic subjects, assignments, and institutional communication.

Money, budgets, bills, savings, loans, fees, taxes, purchases, and financial decisions.

Housing, rentals, repairs, utilities, neighborhood issues, contracts, and household problems.

Legal and civic vocabulary for rules, rights, duties, permissions, restrictions, claims, and procedures.

Reported opinions, source attribution, hearsay, evidence markers, and distancing from claims.

Complex noun phrases with multiple modifiers, embedded clauses, apposition, and precise reference.

Complex sentence patterns with subordination, coordination, ellipsis, parallelism, and long-distance reference.

Advanced uses of articles, bare nouns, generic reference, specificity, and definiteness contrasts.

Advanced tense and aspect distinctions across narration, commentary, speculation, and formal expression.

Advanced subjunctive patterns in formal style, fixed expressions, negative contexts, and nuanced dependency.

Concession, contrast, reservation, and qualification with embora, ainda que, mesmo que, apesar de, and por mais que.

Purpose, result, manner, proportion, and comparison clauses in precise extended expression.

Ellipsis, substitution, reference chains, and cohesion across paragraphs and extended turns.

Coherence in explanations, narratives, arguments, descriptions, and problem-solution sequences.

Formal vocabulary, nominal style, passive and impersonal forms, hedging, and precise definitions.

Informal vocabulary, colloquial structures, contractions, pragmatic markers, and everyday Brazilian speech.

Slang, mild taboo language, euphemisms, intensifiers, and socially sensitive wording.

Regional vocabulary differences, pronoun preferences, verb patterns, and common variation across Brazil.

Accent marks, stress-related spelling patterns, hyphenation, capitalization, abbreviations, and standard written conventions.

Punctuation, sentence boundaries, commas, quoted speech, parentheses, dashes, and clarity in written Portuguese.

Paragraph organization, transitions, reference, emphasis, and style choices for clear extended texts.

Summaries, paraphrases, reformulations, synthesis of information, and concise restatement.

Narrative techniques for pacing, perspective, backgrounding, suspense, evaluation, and temporal shifts.

Humor, irony, understatement, exaggeration, double meaning, and playful ambiguity.

Metaphor, figurative language, imagery, symbolic expressions, and nonliteral meaning.

Ambiguity, implication, presupposition, inference, indirect meaning, and pragmatic interpretation.

Precision in tone, emphasis, politeness, authority, distance, warmth, and emotional coloring.

Very formal correspondence, petitions, statements, complaints, requests, and institutional messages.

Complex discussions about ethics, public issues, risk, uncertainty, responsibility, and competing viewpoints.

Specialized terminology management, definition strategies, paraphrase, and adapting technical content to different audiences.

Rhetorical structure, emphasis, persuasion, concession, analogy, and stylistic control in extended arguments.

Near-native accuracy in agreement, tense selection, pronoun reference, prepositions, collocations, and register.

Subtle distinctions among meanings, intentions, implications, stylistic effects, and interpersonal consequences.

Highly idiomatic phrasing, natural collocation, compact expression, and flexible reformulation across contexts.