Subject, topic, object, location, direction, and possession particles in simple sentences.

Korean sentence order, noun phrases, verb-final structure, and basic statement formation.

이/가, 은/는, 을/를, 에, 에서, 의, 도, and basic particle contrasts in context.

Native Korean and Sino-Korean numbers, counting objects, prices, phone numbers, and basic quantities.

이에요, 예요, 입니다, 아니에요, and noun-based statements, questions, and negation.

Personal pronouns, titles, names, kinship terms, and avoiding pronouns naturally.

있다, 없다, location nouns, possession, presence, absence, and simple place descriptions.

Present-tense verb and adjective conjugations for actions, states, routines, and descriptions.

Question words, yes-no questions, choice questions, and natural answer patterns.

Days, dates, months, clock time, frequency, duration, and scheduling expressions.

Formal, polite, casual, and deferential endings for everyday statements and questions.

Family members, relationships, age, marital status, and describing household members.

안, 못, -지 않다, -지 못하다, 없다, and negative answers in everyday contexts.

Basic descriptive verbs for size, color, shape, quality, personality, and condition.

Common action verbs, object marking, routine activities, and simple verb phrases.

있다, 가다, 오다, 하다, 되다, 주다, 받다, and other essential irregular high-frequency verbs.

Home spaces, furniture, appliances, chores, and describing where things are kept.

Simple past-tense conjugation, completed actions, past states, and common time markers.

Future meanings with -겠-, -(으)ㄹ 거예요, 예정, and planned actions.

Food items, drinks, meals, flavors, portions, and ordering in cafés and restaurants.

으/세요, 주세요, -아/어 주세요, and polite requests in daily interactions.

Native and Sino-Korean counters for people, objects, animals, time, age, money, and portions.

Clothing, accessories, sizes, colors, fit, materials, and describing appearance.

이, 그, 저, 여기, 거기, 저기, 이것, 그것, 저것, and deixis in conversation.

Transportation vocabulary, routes, fares, transfers, tickets, and getting around town.

에, 에서, 로/으로, 부터, 까지, 앞, 뒤, 옆, 안, 밖, 위, 아래, and spatial relations.

Asking for locations, giving directions, landmarks, distances, and navigation problems.

Conjugation of ㅂ, ㄷ, 르, ㅅ, 으, ㄹ, and 하 irregular patterns.

Weather conditions, seasons, temperature, natural surroundings, and outdoor conditions.

고, 그리고, 그래서, 하지만, 그런데, or, because, and simple sentence linking.

Health symptoms, body parts, injuries, medicine, appointments, and describing pain.

아/어요, -(으)세요, -(으)ㄹ까요, -(으)ㅂ시다, and endings for polite interaction.

Shopping vocabulary, prices, payment, discounts, returns, product descriptions, and preferences.

좋아하다, 싫어하다, 원하다, 필요하다, -고 싶다, and expressing needs and desires.

Sports, games, leisure activities, creative interests, and talking about free time.

잘하다, 못하다, 할 수 있다, 할 줄 알다, 가능하다, and ability distinctions.

School subjects, classroom language, studying, assignments, grades, and educational routines.

부터, 까지, 동안, 후에, 전에, 쯤,마다, 벌써, 아직, and sequencing time.

Emotions, moods, reactions, preferences, worries, and describing how people feel.

기 전에, -(으)ㄴ 후에, -면서, -고 나서, and ordering actions clearly.

Phone calls, text messages, online chats, voicemail, and common digital interaction formulas.

-(으)ㄹ게요, -(으)ㄹ래요, -(으)려고 하다, and expressing plans, promises, and intentions.

Age, seniority, honorific nouns, respectful address, and choosing appropriate forms.

-(으)시-, 드리다, 계시다, 주무시다, 잡수시다, and respectful verb forms.

Meeting people, small talk, invitations, compliments, reactions, and maintaining conversation.

-아/어 보다, -아/어 있다, -고 있다, -아/어 가다, -아/어 오다, and auxiliary constructions.

Attending events, arranging times, accepting, declining, postponing, and confirming plans.

Imperatives, prohibitions, suggestions, warnings, and softened directive forms.

Travel documents, lodging, reservations, check-in, local services, and travel problems.

-지만, -(으)나, -는데, -고, -아서/어서, and clause linking with contrast and background.

City places, public facilities, errands, neighborhoods, and describing urban life.

-니까, -아서/어서, -기 때문에, 덕분에, 탓에, and cause-effect distinctions.

Comparisons with 보다, 더, 덜, 제일, 가장, 만큼, 처럼, and 같다.

Technology devices, apps, settings, troubleshooting, online accounts, and digital habits.

ㄴ/은/는/을 noun modifiers, adjectival clauses, tense distinctions, and noun phrase expansion.

Objects, materials, shapes, measurements, packaging, and describing how things are made.

것, 기, 음/ㅁ, 데, 바, and turning verbs and adjectives into nouns.

Public offices, forms, identification, banking, postal services, and administrative procedures.

-(으)면, -거든, -다면, -아/어야, and real or hypothetical conditions.

Rules, permission, prohibition, obligation, necessity, and social constraints.

-아/어야 하다, -지 않아도 되다, -(으)면 안 되다, and obligation contrasts.

Rooms, rentals, repairs, utilities, contracts, neighbors, and housing problems.

-아/어서, -(으)니까, -느라고, -는 바람에, and nuanced responsibility or unintended causes.

Giving advice, recommendations, warnings, encouragement, and caution with appropriate softness.

Past experiences with -아/어 봤다, memories, life events, and personal stories.

-겠-, -(으)ㄹ 것 같다, 나 보다, 것 같다, and uncertain judgments.

면, 아마, 혹시, 만약, 설마, and discussing possibilities and uncertainty.

-아/어지다, -게 되다, passive patterns, and describing change in state or situation.

Natural environments, animals, plants, landscapes, environmental issues, and conservation language.

-이/히/리/기 passive forms, passive sentence structure, and affected-state expressions.

-이/히/리/기/우/추 causatives, making someone do something, and causing change.

-게 하다, -도록 하다, 시키다, and causative meanings in social contexts.

Quoting statements, questions, commands, and suggestions with -다고, -냐고, -라고, -자고.

Direct quotation, indirect quotation, hearsay, message relaying, and reporting sources.

Agreeing, disagreeing, interrupting politely, clarifying positions, and softening disagreement.

-(으)ㄴ데요, -거든요, -잖아요, -네요, -군요, and managing shared information.

Linking ideas with 그러나, 반면에, 또한, 따라서, 즉, 예를 들어, and formal transitions.

Abstract nouns, values, beliefs, identity, responsibility, fairness, and social issues.

-더-, -던, -았/었던, and recalling observed or remembered situations.

-더라고요, -던데요, -기에, and evidence-based personal observations.

-는 중이다, -고 있는 중이다, -아/어 가다, -아/어 오다, and process over time.

Science terms, research concepts, data, measurement, cause, effect, and explanation.

-기는 하다, -기는커녕, -기는요, and contrastive emphasis around actions and states.

Economics, prices, markets, spending, saving, taxes, inequality, and financial concepts.

Indirectness, hedging, understatement, intensifiers, rhetorical questions, and emotional coloring.

Law, rights, duties, complaints, regulations, disputes, and civic procedures.

-뿐만 아니라, -뿐이다, -밖에, -만, 조차, 마저, and limiting or inclusive focus.

Art forms, design, performance, aesthetics, critique, and discussing creative work.

-듯이, -다시피, -는 척하다, -는 체하다, and resemblance or pretense.

Politics, government, elections, policy, public opinion, and institutional language.

-든지, -거나, -든가, 아무, 누구나, 무엇이든, and expressing indifference or openness.

Philosophy, ethics, logic, truth, knowledge, freedom, and complex reasoning.

-도록, -게, 위해서, -고자, and expressing purpose, manner, and intended result.

Arguments, claims, evidence, counterarguments, concessions, and structured reasoning.

-더라도, -아/어도, -기는 하지만, 그럼에도, and concessive relationships.

Advanced social situations, delicate topics, apologies, gratitude, refusals, and relationship repair.

-느니, -ㄹ 바에야, -기보다는, 차라리, and comparing unfavorable alternatives.

Idioms, fixed expressions, figurative verbs, and common metaphorical language.

속담, 한자어 expressions, conventional sayings, and compact moral or practical statements.

Formal announcements, notices, instructions, disclaimers, policies, and public information language.

Highly formal endings, written-style particles, concise noun-heavy phrasing, and administrative style.

Casual endings, contractions, slang, texting abbreviations, and informal interaction among peers.

Register shifts across age, intimacy, status, public settings, and emotionally sensitive contexts.

한자-based vocabulary patterns, roots, compounds, semantic families, and word formation.

Native Korean word families, sound-symbolic words, reduplication, and expressive vocabulary.

Prefixes, suffixes, compound nouns, compound verbs, and productive derivational patterns.

Synonyms, near-synonyms, collocations, selection restrictions, and natural word combinations.

Onomatopoeia, mimetic words, sensory descriptions, movement, texture, emotion, and intensity.

Regional vocabulary, nonstandard forms, social varieties, and recognizing dialectal differences.

Ambiguity, implication, presupposition, ellipsis, deixis, and meaning beyond sentence form.

Irony, sarcasm, humor, teasing, understatement, and interpreting indirect intent.

Condensed clauses, ellipsis, topic chaining, reference tracking, and long sentence management.

Multiple embedded clauses, stacked modifiers, formal nominalizations, and dense information flow.

Specialized vocabulary for medicine, science, law, policy, arts, technology, and public debate.

High-level debate language, precise claims, nuanced concessions, rebuttals, and persuasive framing.

Subtle stance markers, emotional distance, certainty levels, politeness calibration, and interpersonal effect.

Native-like rhythm of conversation, turn-taking formulas, backchannels, repairs, and topic shifts.

Rare grammatical patterns, literary-style endings used in formal language, and archaic forms encountered in advanced texts.

Advanced idioms, layered metaphors, allusive expressions, and context-dependent figurative meaning.

Precision editing of meaning through particles, endings, word order, register, and lexical choice.