Numbers, prices, ages, phone numbers, dates, clock time, and basic counting expressions.

Essential greetings, self-introductions, names, nationalities, simple courtesy phrases, and leave-taking expressions.

Nouns, the copula です, simple statements, yes-no questions, and sentence-ending particles for beginner interaction.

The particles は, も, の, and か for topics, inclusion, possession, description, and questions.

Basic demonstratives これ, それ, あれ, この, その, あの, ここ, そこ, あそこ, and question words.

Family members, friends, classmates, personal information, ages, relationships, and simple descriptions of people.

い-adjectives and な-adjectives in affirmative, negative, and question forms for describing people and things.

Daily objects, classroom items, colors, shapes, size, location words, and ownership expressions.

The particles を, に, で, へ, and と for objects, destinations, locations, means, time, and companions.

Dictionary-form verbs, ます-form verbs, common action verbs, and sentence patterns for everyday activities.

Days of the week, months, seasons, schedules, frequency adverbs, and routine expressions.

Verb negatives with ません and ない, negative noun and adjective forms, and simple refusals.

Past forms of nouns, adjectives, and verbs for completed actions, previous states, and simple experiences.

Meals, ingredients, drinks, tastes, restaurant phrases, ordering, preferences, and simple food descriptions.

Existence verbs ある and いる, location patterns, possession-like expressions, and describing what is present.

Home rooms, furniture, household items, chores, positions, and describing where things are in a space.

Counters for people, objects, age, time, frequency, order, animals, books, machines, and flat or long items.

The て-form for linking actions, requests, permissions, prohibitions, and common set expressions.

Describing ongoing actions, current states, habitual results, and changes with ている.

Stores, prices, quantities, clothing, sizes, payment phrases, comparisons, and choosing items.

Polite requests, ください, てもいい, てはいけない, softening expressions, and asking permission.

Transportation terms, routes, stations, tickets, directions, schedules, and navigating towns and buildings.

いく, くる, かえる, motion particles, destination expressions, and verbs of movement with purpose.

Weather, temperature, seasonal conditions, natural surroundings, and describing outdoor situations.

Volitional forms, invitations, suggestions, acceptance, refusal, and deciding plans together.

好き, きらい, ほしい, たい, preferences, desires, hobbies, and personal interests.

Sports, games, music, arts, leisure activities, collections, and free-time plans.

Potential forms for ability, possibility, availability, and limitations in everyday situations.

Body parts, symptoms, pain descriptions, medicine, appointments, and explaining health conditions.

Comparatives and superlatives with より, ほう, いちばん, ほど, and の中で.

Connecting nouns, adjectives, and verbs with から, けど, が, そして, それから, and でも.

Education vocabulary, school subjects, classroom activities, study habits, grades, and campus locations.

Verb plain forms, casual noun and adjective endings, contractions, and informal question patterns.

Casual conversation patterns with だ, じゃない, ね, よ, よね, かな, and common short responses.

Family, friends, classmates, neighbors, and acquaintance terms with polite and casual address choices.

The の nominalizer, こと nominalizer, verb phrases as nouns, and common patterns with nominalized clauses.

Giving reasons and explanations with から, ので, んです, ため, and explanatory sentence endings.

Emotions, moods, reactions, personality traits, opinions about experiences, and expressive adjectives.

Experience expressions with たことがある, frequency of experience, and asking about life events.

Sequencing events with てから, 前に, 後で, とき, ながら, and ordered time clauses.

Phone calls, messages, confirming details, asking for someone, and ending conversations appropriately.

Verb stems with に行く, に来る, たい, やすい, にくい, 方, and common compound patterns.

Making plans with つもり, 予定, ことにする, ことになる, and schedule changes.

Future expectations, likelihood, uncertainty, and predictions with でしょう, だろう, かもしれない, and はず.

City facilities, public services, appointments, forms, reservations, and everyday administrative situations.

Commands, prohibitions, warnings, signs, urgent requests, and imperative-like set expressions.

Obligations and rules with なければならない, なくてはいけない, てもいい, なくてもいい, and べき.

Advice, recommendations, better choices, and mild criticism with ほうがいい, べき, たらいい, and といい.

Conditional patterns と, ば, たら, and なら for consequences, advice, assumptions, and hypothetical situations.

Possibility and uncertainty with かどうか, question clauses, わけではない, and sentence-final doubt markers.

Relative clauses before nouns, clause-based descriptions, and complex noun phrases.

Directions inside buildings, neighborhoods, maps, landmarks, distance, and route clarification.

Kanji structure, radicals, stroke order principles, readings, semantic components, and dictionary organization.

High-frequency kanji for numbers, days, people, places, directions, time, school, food, and daily actions.

Kanji compounds, okurigana, multiple readings, transitive-intransitive pairs, and common reading patterns.

Transitive and intransitive verb pairs, particles with each type, change-of-state meanings, and accidental events.

Change expressions with なる and する, adjective adverbs, transformation, decisions, and caused states.

Automatic actions, preparations, and completed states with てある, ておく, てしまう, and related nuances.

Trying actions, examples, and non-exhaustive listing with てみる, たり, とか, や, and など.

Giving and receiving with あげる, くれる, もらう, てあげる, てくれる, and てもらう.

Favors, gratitude, requests for help, offering assistance, and describing who benefits from an action.

Hearsay, appearance, and inference with そうだ, ようだ, みたいだ, らしい, and っぽい.

Direct and indirect quotations with と言う, と思う, って, quoted questions, and reporting thoughts.

Expressing opinions, agreement, disagreement, uncertainty, and polite disagreement in discussions.

The passive voice for affectedness, neutral description, inconvenience, and event reporting.

The causative form for making, letting, allowing, and prompting someone to act.

Causative-passive forms for being made to do something and describing unwanted obligation.

Apologies, excuses, responsibility, regret, forgiveness, and repairing misunderstandings.

Volitional plus と思う, つもりだった, intention shifts, hesitation, and deciding not to act.

Purpose and aim with ように, ために, のに, and verb patterns for goals and intended results.

Contrastive structures with のに, けれども, ところが, しかし, 一方で, and 反面.

Cause and result with ため, おかげで, せいで, ので, から, and result-oriented connectors.

Permission, prohibition, necessity, social rules, and nuanced acceptance or refusal in shared spaces.

Manners of speaking, emotional tone, hesitation, fillers, backchannels, and turn-taking expressions.

Particles ね, よ, よね, な, ぞ, ぜ, わ, かしら, もの, and sentence-final nuance.

Advanced uses of は and が for topic, contrast, exhaustiveness, new information, and focus.

Nuanced particles こそ, さえ, でも, まで, ばかり, だけ, しか, なんて, and くらい.

Approximation, limitation, emphasis, and degree with ほど, くらい, ばかり, だけ, きり, and しか.

Adverbs for frequency, certainty, manner, evaluation, sequence, emphasis, and speaker attitude.

Onomatopoeic and mimetic expressions for sounds, movement, texture, emotion, weather, and physical sensations.

Descriptions of objects, materials, functions, dimensions, quality, defects, and comparisons between products.

Technology devices, apps, online accounts, settings, troubleshooting, privacy, and digital communication.

Money, banking terms, budgets, discounts, bills, transfers, subscriptions, and common financial situations.

Housing searches, rent, utilities, repairs, neighborhood features, and household problems.

Emergencies, accidents, lost items, warnings, safety instructions, and requesting urgent assistance.

Environment, resources, pollution, conservation, disasters, energy, and describing ecological issues.

Society, public issues, rights, responsibilities, local problems, and discussing community decisions.

Beliefs, values, priorities, fairness, responsibility, and explaining personal principles.

Agreement, disagreement, evidence, counterarguments, concessions, and structured reasoning.

Formal connectors, cohesive expressions, paragraph-level transitions, and logical organization in extended discourse.

Summaries, paraphrases, definitions, classifications, and restating complex information accurately.

Hypothetical, counterfactual, and unreal situations with もし, たら, なら, ば, ものなら, and ところだった.

Wish and regret patterns with ばよかった, たらよかった, ものだ, ことにする, and のに.

Assumptions, expectations, and contradictions with はず, わけ, べき, もの, and こと.

Aspect patterns for beginning, continuation, completion, interruption, repetition, and gradual change.

Compound verbs such as 始める, 続ける, 終わる, 出す, 直す, 合う, 切る, 込む, and 上げる.

Verb-derived nouns, suffixes, prefixes, Sino-Japanese compounds, native compounds, and productive word formation.

Synonyms, near-synonyms, antonyms, collocations, register differences, and choosing precise vocabulary.

Idioms, fixed expressions, proverbs, common set phrases, and figurative meanings in everyday language.

Polite forms, plain forms, humble cues, honorific cues, neutral style, and register shifting by context.

Respectful language with お/ご, honorific verbs, honorific passive, titles, and elevating the addressee or third party.

Humble language with humble verbs, modest requests, self-lowering expressions, and deferential service formulas.

Formal written forms, である style, nominal endings, formal connectors, and impersonal statement patterns.

Informal reductions, contractions, dropped particles, casual fillers, and common colloquial sentence patterns.

Dialect awareness through common regional variants, nonstandard endings, vocabulary differences, and comprehension strategies.

Gendered and identity-linked speech tendencies, first-person pronouns, sentence endings, and style choices.

Polite refusal, indirect requests, implication, soft criticism, hedging, and avoiding overstatement.

Emphasis, contrast, rhetorical questions, repetition, inversion, ellipsis, and expressive sentence shaping.

Dense noun phrases, embedded clauses, formal modifiers, apposition, and compact information packaging.

Advanced relative clauses, internally headed meanings, gapless clauses, and noun-modifying structures with abstract nouns.

Abstract nouns such as こと, もの, わけ, はず, ところ, ため, うえ, and 次第 in complex patterns.

Expressions with ところ, ばかり, 最中, うちに, 次第, 以来, 以降, and simultaneous or recent actions.

Advanced conditionals with 限り, 以上, からには, ことには, ものなら, and としたら.

Advanced concession with とはいえ, にしても, にせよ, どころか, ものの, and ながらも.

Advanced cause and basis with につき, につけ, に伴って, によって, をもとに, and をきっかけに.

Advanced comparison with に比べて, と同様に, に対して, ほどではない, and に越したことはない.

Probability, certainty, inference, and evidence with に違いない, に決まっている, かねない, あり得る, and まい.

Necessity, impossibility, permission, and obligation with ざるを得ない, わけにはいかない, ても差し支えない, and べからず.

Evaluation patterns with に値する, に足る, に過ぎない, にほかならない, どころではない, and までもない.

Stance markers for certainty, doubt, surprise, criticism, expectation, and emotional distance.

Conversation management with clarification, repair, topic shifts, interruption, holding the floor, and closing topics.

Negotiating meaning, checking assumptions, reformulating claims, and resolving ambiguity in complex exchanges.

Debate language for claims, rebuttals, concessions, analogies, evidence, and conclusion framing.

Academic concepts, definitions, hypotheses, data descriptions, methodology terms, and cautious claims.

Technical explanations, processes, specifications, instructions, and cause-effect descriptions across specialized topics.

Law, policy, regulations, procedures, permissions, restrictions, and formal public statements.

Science, research, measurement, observation, experimentation, probability, and explaining findings.

Arts, design, aesthetics, performance, criticism, interpretation, and describing creative work without specialized jargon.

Philosophy, ethics, identity, knowledge, existence, causality, and abstract reasoning vocabulary.

Humor, irony, sarcasm, understatement, exaggeration, wordplay, and recognizing nonliteral intent.

Metaphor, symbolism, figurative extension, euphemism, and layered meanings in sophisticated expression.

Emotional subtlety, empathy, resentment, nostalgia, relief, ambivalence, and mixed feelings.

High-frequency 四字熟語, formal compounds, classical-derived expressions, and concise idiomatic meanings.

Specialized kanji for abstract concepts, formal documents, technical terms, names, and low-frequency compounds.

Ateji, jukujikun, rare readings, name readings, variant forms, and kanji usage exceptions.

Honorific set phrases, ceremonial wording, highly formal requests, gratitude, condolences, and written salutations.

Precise control of plain, polite, formal, honorific, humble, colloquial, and literary-leaning styles.

Subtle differences among similar grammar patterns, particle choices, collocations, and register-dependent meanings.

Dense argument chains, implicit references, omitted subjects, ellipsis, presuppositions, and inference-heavy discourse.

Natural phrasing, native-like collocations, rhythm of information, avoidance of translationese, and idiomatic selection.

Full-range language control across abstract topics, delicate interpersonal situations, specialized domains, and nuanced self-expression.