Definite, indefinite, and partitive articles with masculine, feminine, singular, and plural nouns.

Nationalities, languages, origins, addresses, age, and personal details.

Regular and common irregular verb forms for everyday actions and states.

Yes-no questions, information questions, question words, and common spoken question patterns.

Negation with ne... pas, common negative expressions, and natural spoken negative patterns.

Days, months, dates, schedules, time expressions, and telling time.

Adjective agreement, placement, common descriptive adjectives, and simple comparisons.

Family members, relationships, marital status, and describing people close to you.

Possessive adjectives, possession with de, and expressing ownership or belonging.

Rooms, furniture, household objects, and describing where things are at home.

Location prepositions, place expressions, and describing position and movement.

Daily routines, habits, frequency expressions, and common activities from morning to night.

Pronominal verbs for routines, reciprocal actions, and common reflexive meanings.

Food items, meals, drinks, flavors, preferences, and ordering in cafés and restaurants.

Partitive articles, quantities, containers, portions, and expressions with de.

Clothing, colors, sizes, accessories, materials, and describing outfits.

Demonstrative adjectives, demonstrative pronouns, and identifying people or things in context.

Stores, products, prices, payment, returns, and common shopping exchanges.

Direct object pronouns, placement with verbs, and avoiding repeated nouns.

Places in town, streets, buildings, services, and describing neighborhoods.

Asking for and giving directions, routes, landmarks, and navigation expressions.

Transportation vocabulary, tickets, routes, timetables, and travel problems.

The near future with aller, immediate plans, intentions, and upcoming events.

Weather conditions, seasons, temperature, forecasts, and natural surroundings.

Sports, games, creative activities, leisure preferences, and free-time plans.

Modal verbs, ability, obligation, permission, desire, and necessity in everyday situations.

Indirect object pronouns, verbs with à, and referring to people involved in actions.

Body parts, symptoms, pain, common illnesses, medicines, and medical appointments.

The imperative for instructions, invitations, warnings, advice, and polite commands.

Making, changing, confirming, and canceling appointments and reservations.

Passé composé with avoir, regular past participles, and completed actions.

Passé composé with être, movement verbs, pronominal verbs, and agreement patterns.

Common irregular past participles and high-frequency past-tense expressions.

Personal experiences, travel memories, events, and reactions in the past.

Imparfait forms for descriptions, habits, background conditions, and ongoing past situations.

Choosing between passé composé and imparfait for events, background, habits, and interruptions.

Childhood, memories, past routines, and describing people, places, and feelings in the past.

Expressions with y and en for places, quantities, ideas, and previously mentioned information.

Object pronoun order with single and double pronouns in present, past, imperative, and infinitive structures.

Comparatives and superlatives for qualities, quantities, actions, and preferences.

Personality traits, moods, emotional states, reactions, and interpersonal attitudes.

Adverbs of manner, time, frequency, degree, and placement in simple and compound tenses.

Future simple forms, predictions, promises, plans, and assumptions about the future.

Future time clauses, scheduled events, long-term plans, and expressions of probability.

Conditional forms for polite requests, hypothetical situations, wishes, and softened statements.

Requests, offers, invitations, refusals, permissions, and polite social exchanges.

Relative clauses with qui, que, où, and dont to connect ideas and describe nouns precisely.

Communication devices, online actions, accounts, troubleshooting, and digital habits.

Present participles, gérondif with en, simultaneous actions, means, cause, and conditions.

Making suggestions, giving advice, expressing recommendations, and responding to proposals.

Subjunctive forms after necessity, emotion, doubt, desire, and common fixed expressions.

Indicative and subjunctive contrasts after belief, certainty, doubt, opinion, and conjunctions.

Education levels, subjects, classrooms, assignments, schedules, and academic interactions.

Prepositions with verbs and adjectives, fixed combinations, and meaning changes.

Infinitive structures after verbs, adjectives, nouns, and prepositions.

Banking, budgets, bills, insurance, contracts, subscriptions, and everyday financial decisions.

Formal and informal address, tu and vous, politeness levels, and social distance.

Opinions, preferences, agreement, disagreement, reasons, and respectful debate.

Cause, consequence, purpose, contrast, concession, and condition through common connectors.

Complex sentences with subordinate clauses, clause order, and sentence linking.

Urban life, housing issues, public spaces, local services, and community problems.

Plus-que-parfait forms for earlier past events, regrets, explanations, and sequencing.

Before, after, while, since, until, once, and other temporal relationships between actions.

Reported statements, reported questions, tense shifts, pronoun changes, and reporting verbs.

Phone calls, voice messages, clarification, spelling information, and handling misunderstandings.

Passive voice with être, agent phrases, result focus, and alternatives with on.

The pronoun on for general statements, informal we, passive-like meanings, and social generalizations.

Household problems, repairs, lost items, service requests, and explaining what went wrong.

Conditional sentences with si for real, possible, unlikely, and impossible situations.

Hypotheses, speculation, probability, uncertainty, and nuanced predictions.

Subjunctive past forms, completed uncertain actions, regret, judgment, and emotional reactions.

Obligation, prohibition, permission, rights, rules, and institutional instructions.

Causative faire, letting actions happen with laisser, and expressing arranged actions.

Perception verbs, infinitive complements, and describing what is seen, heard, or felt happening.

Advanced adjective placement, meaning changes before and after nouns, and stylistic effects.

Indefinite adjectives and pronouns such as chacun, aucun, plusieurs, n’importe quel, and autrui.

Complex negation with ne... jamais, rien, personne, aucun, ni... ni, and restrictive ne... que.

Question inversion, formal questions, embedded questions, and rhetorical question patterns.

Emphasis with c’est... qui, c’est... que, ce qui, ce que, and dislocation in spoken French.

Public services, official forms, permissions, procedures, complaints, and administrative vocabulary.

Subordinate clauses after conjunctions expressing time, condition, purpose, concession, and restriction.

Relative pronouns lequel, auquel, duquel, compound forms, and prepositional relatives.

Noun formation, adjective-to-noun shifts, verb-to-noun patterns, and abstract expression.

Prefixes, suffixes, word families, register shifts, and meaning formation.

Synonyms, antonyms, near-equivalents, intensity, connotation, and precise word choice.

Physical descriptions, gestures, facial expressions, movement, and spatial orientation.

Expressions for annoyance, joy, fear, doubt, relief, surprise, and subtle emotional reactions.

Narrative sequencing, scene setting, turning points, suspense, and perspective shifts.

Historical events, social change, timelines, causes, consequences, and interpreting past developments.

Natural environments, climate issues, animals, plants, resources, and environmental action.

Science concepts, measurement, experimentation, cause and effect, and explaining processes.

Politics, public debate, institutions, policies, rights, responsibilities, and civic participation.

Formal complaints, requests, apologies, claims, and responses using appropriate tone and structure.

Argument structure, concessions, counterarguments, evidence, emphasis, and persuasive phrasing.

Conversation management, turn-taking, interruption, clarification, repair, and topic shifts.

Colloquial vocabulary, contractions, filler expressions, informal grammar, and common spoken shortcuts.

Idioms, fixed expressions, figurative meanings, and everyday metaphorical language.

Proverbs, sayings, set phrases, and conventional expressions used in conversation.

Irony, understatement, exaggeration, sarcasm, and implied meaning in context.

Perspectives, assumptions, bias, certainty, doubt, and stance through grammar and vocabulary.

Advanced uses of tense and mood for distance, politeness, unreality, and rhetorical effect.

Future perfect and conditional perfect for completed future actions, assumptions, regrets, and past hypotheticals.

Literary past forms such as passé simple and passé antérieur for recognition and formal narrative contexts.

Agreement of past participles with avoir, être, pronominal verbs, preceding objects, and special cases.

Inversion after adverbs, stylistic fronting, detached phrases, and formal sentence patterns.

Abstract concepts, values, theories, intellectual positions, and high-level conceptual discussion.

Specialized vocabulary for law, health, technology, finance, education, and public institutions in everyday nontechnical use.

Summarizing positions, reformulating ideas, synthesizing viewpoints, and highlighting essential distinctions.

Nuanced disagreement, diplomatic language, hedging, concessions, and tactful correction.

Humor, wordplay, double meanings, playful tone, and creative language manipulation.

Regional variation, common accents, vocabulary differences, and register variation across French-speaking areas.

High-level cohesion through reference, ellipsis, substitution, parallelism, and thematic progression.

Dense information, complex instructions, technical explanations, and precise procedural language.

Refined style, rhythm, emphasis, concision, elegance, and adapting expression to audience and purpose.

Near-native control of ambiguity, nuance, implication, register, idiom, and complex interaction across contexts.