Greetings, farewells, politeness formulas, names, nationalities, and simple introductions.

Subject pronouns, simple nominal sentences, gender, and basic agreement without a verb.

Cardinal numbers, counting objects, phone numbers, prices, and basic quantities.

Definite and indefinite nouns, the definite article, sun and moon letters, and tanwīn.

Family members, personal relationships, age, marital status, and simple descriptions of people.

Masculine and feminine forms, human and non-human agreement, and common feminine markers.

Singular, dual, sound plurals, broken plurals, and agreement with different noun types.

Basic adjectives, adjective placement, agreement, colors, size, shape, and simple qualities.

Common question words, yes-no questions, question particles, and short answers.

Regular present-tense verbs, subject prefixes and suffixes, and everyday actions.

Daily routines, common activities, meals, study habits, errands, and time expressions.

Basic negation with nominal sentences and present-tense verbs using common negative particles.

Possessive suffixes, ownership expressions, and possession with عند، لدى، مع.

Rooms, furniture, household items, addresses, and describing where things are at home.

Common prepositions, location phrases, movement expressions, and prepositional pronoun suffixes.

Clock time, days, months, seasons, frequency, schedules, and sequencing expressions.

Regular past-tense verbs, subject suffixes, completed actions, and simple narratives.

Food items, drinks, meals, flavors, quantities, and ordering in cafés and restaurants.

Verbal sentence structure, verb-subject order, subject-verb order, and agreement patterns.

Future meaning with سـ and سوف, planned actions, intentions, and predictions.

Stores, markets, sizes, prices, bargaining phrases, payment methods, and product descriptions.

Object pronouns, indirect objects, attached pronouns, and pronoun placement with verbs and prepositions.

Common irregular verbs in everyday use, including أخذ، أكل، قال، جاء، رأى.

Places in town, public locations, asking where things are, and describing routes.

Giving commands, prohibitions, polite requests, invitations, and instructions.

Transportation types, tickets, stations, schedules, routes, and travel problems.

The iḍāfa construction, definite and indefinite possession, noun chains, and descriptive limits.

Demonstrative words, near and far reference, human and non-human agreement, and pointing expressions.

Body parts, symptoms, basic medical needs, appointments, medicine, and describing pain.

Adverbs of manner, place, time, degree, and common adverbial expressions.

Coordinating conjunctions, contrast, addition, choice, sequence, and cause.

Weather conditions, temperature, seasons, landscapes, animals, plants, and natural phenomena.

Form I verb patterns, root-and-pattern logic, transitive and intransitive meanings, and common noun derivations.

Form II meanings, causative and intensive uses, verbal nouns, participles, and common derived vocabulary.

Form III meanings, reciprocal and directed action, verbal nouns, participles, and common derived vocabulary.

Form IV meanings, causative and declarative uses, verbal nouns, participles, and common derived vocabulary.

Clothing items, colors, patterns, materials, sizes, fit, and describing appearance.

Relative pronouns, definite and indefinite relative clauses, resumptive pronouns, and sentence embedding.

Form V and Form VI meanings, reflexive and reciprocal uses, verbal nouns, participles, and common derived vocabulary.

Form VII and Form VIII meanings, passive-like and reflexive uses, verbal nouns, participles, and common derived vocabulary.

Form IX and Form X meanings, colors, defects, seeking, considering, and common derived vocabulary.

Hobbies, sports, games, exercise, leisure activities, preferences, and ability.

Modal meanings with يستطيع، يقدر، يجب، ينبغي، يمكن، لازم and equivalent structures.

Basic subjunctive uses after أن، لن، كي، حتى، لِـ and expressions of purpose or intention.

Jussive forms after لم، لما، لا الناهية، لام الأمر and in conditional structures.

School subjects, university life, exams, classroom objects, study goals, and academic routines.

Simple conditional sentences with إذا، إن، لو, factual conditions, hypothetical meaning, and result clauses.

Comparative and superlative forms, elative patterns, preference, ranking, and unequal comparison.

Feelings, moods, personality traits, reactions, empathy, and emotional intensity.

Active participles, ongoing states, professions as lexical items, and agent meanings.

Passive participles, result states, described objects, and adjectival uses.

Verbal nouns, nominalized actions, abstract meanings, and verb-noun transformations.

Travel planning, luggage, borders, accommodation, reservations, itineraries, and travel difficulties.

Weak verb categories, vowel changes, conjugation patterns, and common usage.

Hollow verbs, past and present stems, command forms, and common high-frequency verbs.

Defective verbs, final weak letters, spelling changes, and common high-frequency verbs.

Doubled verbs, stem merging, vowel patterns, and common high-frequency verbs.

Phone calls, messages, making arrangements, confirming details, and changing plans.

Hamzated verbs, hamza behavior across tenses, spelling patterns, and common high-frequency verbs.

Passive verb forms, agent omission, formal descriptions, and impersonal reporting structures.

Direct and indirect speech, reporting verbs, tense shifts, pronoun changes, and quoted statements.

Social invitations, accepting and declining, compliments, apologies, thanks, and conversational repair.

Word order for emphasis, fronting, focus particles, topic-comment structure, and sentence rhythm in meaning.

Presenting opinions, agreeing, disagreeing, hedging, giving reasons, and respectful disagreement.

Purpose, cause, result, concession, contrast, and condition with complex connectors.

Co-reference, omission, repetition avoidance, topic continuity, and pronoun clarity across sentences.

Digital devices, apps, online accounts, passwords, messaging, technical problems, and online safety.

Case endings, nominative, accusative, genitive, tanwīn, and common contexts for fully marked forms.

Accusative complements, objects, adverbials, specification, state, purpose, and exception patterns.

Adverbial clauses of state with حال, circumstantial meaning, and sentence-level description.

Specification with تمييز after numbers, quantities, measures, comparisons, and ambiguous nouns.

Exception structures with إلا، غير، سوى and agreement patterns in affirmative and negative sentences.

Money, banking, bills, budgets, purchases, fees, debts, and financial responsibility.

Vocative particles, addressing people, calling attention, emotional address, and formal address patterns.

Emphasis with إنّ، أنّ، قد، لام التوكيد، نون التوكيد and repeated structures.

Restriction and exclusivity with إنما، ما...إلا، لا...إلا and focused meaning.

Advanced negation with ليس، ما، لا، لم، لن، لما and subtle differences in time and register.

Public offices, forms, permits, complaints, requests, procedures, and official notices.

Legal rights, rules, responsibilities, contracts, disputes, evidence, and formal obligations.

Science terms, measurement, classification, cause and effect, processes, and technical descriptions.

Environmental issues, resources, energy, pollution, conservation, and climate-related vocabulary.

Data, trends, percentages, statistics, graphs, probability, and describing change over time.

Advanced number agreement, counted nouns, ordinal numbers, fractions, decimals, percentages, and approximations.

Advanced time expressions, duration, deadlines, simultaneity, sequence, and temporal clauses.

Formal correspondence formulas, openings, closings, requests, complaints, confirmations, and official tone.

Informal messages, colloquial-friendly phrasing, short replies, emojis as references, and conversational tone.

Register differences between formal, neutral, and informal wording, including context-appropriate alternatives.

Common dialectal variants for greetings, pronouns, negation, questions, and everyday verbs across major regions.

Shared colloquial structures in everyday conversation, common reductions, and contrasts with formal structures.

Idiomatic verb-preposition combinations, fixed expressions, phrasal meanings, and usage constraints.

Proverbs, formulaic sayings, figurative expressions, and appropriate everyday use.

Abstract nouns, philosophical terms, values, identity, knowledge, belief, truth, and uncertainty.

Nuanced emotional expression, irony, understatement, exaggeration, tact, and indirect meaning.

Persuasive structures, claims, counterclaims, concessions, evidence, and rhetorical sequencing.

Definitions, classifications, comparisons, examples, and extended explanation structures.

Narrative sequencing, background information, plot turns, reported thoughts, and descriptive detail.

Hypothetical past, unreal conditions, regret, wishes, and counterfactual consequences.

Wishes and hopes with ليت، لعل، عسى and related expressions of possibility or desire.

Probability, certainty, doubt, assumption, inference, and evidential expressions.

Polite disagreement, softened criticism, suggestions, warnings, advice, and face-saving language.

Debate language, rebuttal, clarification, challenging assumptions, and defending positions.

Dense noun phrases, layered iḍāfa chains, participial modifiers, and formal descriptive compression.

Long sentences with embedded clauses, parallel structures, subordination, and controlled ambiguity.

Nominalization strategies, abstract style, verbal noun chains, and formal condensation.

Advanced particles including إذ، إذا، قد، بل، أما، حتى، كأن، لكنّ and subtle discourse functions.

Discourse markers for transition, contrast, elaboration, correction, conclusion, and topic management.

Synonym distinctions, connotation, collocation, intensity, and precise word choice.

Formal Arabic conventions in reports, statements, announcements, regulations, and public communication.

Classical-style structures still common in formal Arabic, including rare particles, elevated vocabulary, and ornate syntax.

Regional lexical differences, alternative everyday words, and widely understood cross-dialect choices.

Borrowed words, Arabized terms, technical coinages, and choosing between native and loan vocabulary.

Metaphor, metonymy, rhetorical questions, parallelism, emphasis, and stylistic effect.

Advanced politeness formulas, honorific address, deference, warmth, and distance across formal situations.

Ambiguous structures, multiple interpretations, scope of negation, reference tracking, and disambiguation.

Very formal arguments, extended reasoning, nuanced stance, and balanced evaluation of complex topics.