Gujarati script structure, character order, stroke patterns, and the inherent vowel.
Recognize Gujarati’s left-to-right direction and lack of a continuous headline. Trace common vertical stems, bowls, loops, hooks, and open curves used to build letters.
Recognize and write અ, આ, ઇ, and ઈ in alphabet order. Match આ, ઇ, and ઈ with their dependent signs ા, િ, and ી.
Recognize and write ઉ, ઊ, and ઋ. Match them with the below-base vowel signs ુ, ૂ, and ૃ.
Recognize and write એ, ઐ, ઓ, and ઔ. Match them with the vowel signs ે, ૈ, ો, and ૌ.
Recognize and write the first consonant row in order: ક, ખ, ગ, ઘ, ઙ. Distinguish voiced and voiceless sounds and the added breath in ખ and ઘ.
Read a consonant letter with its default અ sound, as in ક. Use a vowel sign to replace that sound and the virama ્ to suppress it, contrasting forms such as ક, કા, and ક્.
Recognize and write the palatal consonant row in order: ચ, છ, જ, ઝ, ઞ. Distinguish the similar shapes and the aspirated sounds છ and ઝ.
Recognize and write the retroflex consonant row in order: ટ, ઠ, ડ, ઢ, ણ. Produce these sounds with the tongue curled back and distinguish aspirated from unaspirated letters.
Recognize and write the dental consonant row in order: ત, થ, દ, ધ, ન. Contrast these tongue-to-teeth sounds with the retroflex row.
Recognize and write the lip consonant row in order: પ, ફ, બ, ભ, મ. Distinguish voiced, voiceless, and aspirated members of the row.
Recognize and write ય, ર, લ, and વ in their standard order. Distinguish their common glide, flap, and lateral sounds.
Recognize and write શ, ષ, સ, હ, and ળ in order. Compare the three sibilant letters and distinguish લ from retroflex ળ.
Place vowel signs before, after, above, or below a consonant base while pronouncing the vowel after the consonant. Build and compare forms such as કિ, કી, કુ, કે, and કો.
Recognize and use the nasal marks ં and ઁ and the breath mark ઃ. Distinguish their shapes and their effects on the preceding vowel.
Recognize the traditional conjunct forms ક્ષ and જ્ઞ and the common cluster શ્ર. Relate each compact shape to the consonants joined with an internal virama.
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