Recognize uppercase and lowercase Й, Л, М, Н, and Р in print. Match each letter to its sound, including Й as the Ukrainian й sound.

Recognize uppercase and lowercase К, П, С, Т, Ф, and Х in print. Distinguish Cyrillic letters that look familiar from letters with different Ukrainian values.

Recognize uppercase and lowercase Ц, Ч, Ш, and Щ in print. Connect each letter to its Ukrainian affricate or sibilant sound.

Recognize Ь and the Ukrainian apostrophe in printed words. Distinguish signs that shape pronunciation from letters that have their own sound.

Use Ukrainian letter names such as а, бе, ве, ге, ґе, and де. Recognize the standard alphabet order from А to Я for spelling aloud and looking up words.

Distinguish Г from Ґ in Ukrainian words. Use Г for the Ukrainian h-like sound and Ґ for the hard g sound.

Distinguish И from І in spelling and pronunciation. Choose between the two letters in common Ukrainian word patterns.

Choose how Є, Ю, and Я behave in words: йе, йу, йа at the start or after a vowel, or softening plus е, у, а after a consonant. Recognize Ї as a йі sound.

Use Ь to mark a soft consonant without adding a vowel sound. Recognize that the soft sign is not pronounced as a separate sound and never starts a word.

Choose ЬО after a softened consonant and ЙО at the beginning of a word or after a vowel. Read pairs like сьомий and його with the right sound pattern.

Use the apostrophe before я, ю, є, and ї to keep the й sound after a hard consonant. Recognize spellings like п’ять, ім’я, and об’єкт.

Read ДЗ and ДЖ as Ukrainian two-letter sound units in words. Distinguish them from separate д + з or д + ж sounds when spelling and sounding out words.

Match common handwritten forms of А, Е, И, І, О, and У to their printed letters. Recognize both uppercase and lowercase vowel forms in handwriting.

Match common handwritten forms of Є, Ї, Ю, Я, Ь, and the apostrophe to their printed forms. Recognize dots, curves, and sign shapes that change meaning in handwritten words.

Match common handwritten forms of Б, В, Г, Ґ, Д, Ж, and З to their printed letters. Distinguish handwritten shapes that look different from their printed forms.

Match common handwritten forms of Й, Л, М, Н, and Р to their printed letters. Recognize forms that can look like Latin letters but have Ukrainian values.

Match common handwritten forms of К, П, С, Т, Ф, and Х to their printed letters. Distinguish cursive-style shapes such as п and т from Latin lookalikes.

Match common handwritten forms of Ц, Ч, Ш, and Щ to their printed letters. Recognize the tails and extra strokes that separate these handwritten letters.

Review this chapter with practice based on your mistakes.