Recognize Kannada akshara blocks as syllables built around a base letter. Distinguish independent vowel letters from dependent vowel signs attached to consonants.

Recognize the standalone vowel letters ಅ, ಆ, ಇ, and ಈ. Match each short vowel with its long partner in the a and i vowel pairs.

Recognize the standalone vowel letters ಉ, ಊ, and ಋ. Distinguish the u vowel pair from the vocalic r vowel ಋ.

Recognize the standalone vowel letters ಎ, ಏ, and ಐ. Compare the short e, long ē, and ai vowel shapes.

Recognize the standalone vowel letters ಒ, ಓ, and ಔ. Compare the short o, long ō, and au vowel shapes.

Distinguish short vowels ಅ, ಇ, ಉ, ಎ, and ಒ from long vowels ಆ, ಈ, ಊ, ಏ, and ಓ. Choose the correct vowel letter or sign when vowel length changes.

Read a plain consonant as carrying the inherent vowel ಅ, as in ಕ = ka. Use the right-side sign ಾ to build ಆ syllables like ಕಾ.

Recognize and use the vowel signs ಿ and ೀ with a consonant base. Build and read syllables like ಕಿ and ಕೀ.

Recognize and use the lower vowel signs ು, ೂ, and ೃ with a consonant base. Build and read syllables like ಕು, ಕೂ, and ಕೃ.

Recognize and use the vowel signs ೆ, ೇ, and ೈ with a consonant base. Build and read syllables like ಕೆ, ಕೇ, and ಕೈ.

Recognize and use the o-series vowel signs ೊ, ೋ, and ೌ with a consonant base. Build and read syllables like ಕೊ, ಕೋ, and ಕೌ.

Recognize the nasal mark ಂ and the breathy visarga mark ಃ after vowels. Read forms like ಅಂ, ಅಃ, ಕಂ, and ಕಃ.

Review this chapter with practice based on your mistakes.